Applications

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Prime Coat

Prime coat is an application of a low viscosity bitumen emulsion on a compacted granular base course which penetrate into the base (>8mm). A prime coat performs several important functions as given below:

  • Coats and bonds loose mineral particles on the surface of the granular base
  • Hardens or toughens the surface of the base
  • Waterproof the surface of the base by plugging capillary or interconnected voids
  • Provides adhesion or bond between the base and the bituminous mixture

Primer shall not be applied during a dust storm or when the weather is foggy, rainy or windy or when the temperature in the shade is less than 100C. BitChem deals in CSS1 which is manufactured strictly as per ASTM D-2397-20 for Prime Coat Applications.

 

Recommended Rate of Application for Prime Coat & Fog Seal (SS1-ASTM)

 

Application

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

  1. Prime Coat

6 – 9

Prime Coat Application

Prime Coat Application

 

Tack Coat

Tack Coat is a light application of low viscosity liquid bituminous material like emulsion to an existing surface (bituminous/ cement concrete/ primed granular surface) to facilitate a bond between the surface being paved and the overlaying course. The tack coat is recommended for all types of overlays. 

BitChem deals in RS1, RS1, SS1, SS2, MS Grade, MS-High which is ideal for Tack Coat Applications manufactured strictly as per IS 8887:2018.

 

Recommended Rate of Application for Tack Coating

 

Grade

RS1/ RS2

MS Grade

MS High

Type of Surface

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

Bitumen Surface

2 – 2.5

2 – 2.5

2 – 2.5

  Aged Bitumen Surface

2.5 – 3

2.5 – 3

2.5 – 3

 Primed Surface

2.5 – 3

2.5 – 3.0

1.5 – 3.0

Non-Bitumen Surface

 

 

 

Granular Base (Not Primed)

3.5 – 4.0

3.5 – 4.0

3.5 – 4.0

Cement Concrete Pavement

3.0 – 3.5

3.0 – 3.5

3.0 – 3.5

 

Fog Seal


Fog Seal is defined as “a light application of diluted (SS-2 or tailor made) bitumen emulsion used primarily to seal an existing bitumen surface to reduce raveling and enrich dry and weathered surfaces. Fog Seal is a method of incorporation of bituminous binder to an existing pavement to improve its waterproofing characteristics, preventing further stone loss by holding aggregate in place, rejuvenating surface and improving the surface appearance.
 

 

Recommended Rate of Application for Fog Seal (SS1-ASTM)

 

Application

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

  1. Fog Seal

5 – 10

 

Sand Seal

 

Sand Seal is a spray application of bitumen emulsion followed by light cover of fine aggregates, such as clean sand or screenings. Cold Mixed sand seal can be useful in correcting a number of surface defects like loss of material from old surface due to abrasion, prevent the intrusion of moisture due to cracks, develop a skid-resistant surface texture. Usually emulsions are applied at a rate of about 0.70 to 1.25 litre/m2. This is followed by application of about 5.5 to 12 kg/m2 of sand or screenings cover.

 
 

Sand Seal Coat Application with BitChem Cold Mix in NER with successful site execution in Lower Syari, Pakyong, East Sikkim

 

Recommended Rate of Application

 

Application

Quantity in litre/ m² Area

  1. Sand Seal (Emulsion)

0.70 – 1.25

Application

Quantity in kg/ m² Area

  1. Sand Seal 

(Sand or Screenings Cover)

5.5 – 12

 

Mechanized Surface Dressing

Surface Dressing consists of application of bitumen emulsion onto an existing road surface, followed by the application of a single-sized cover aggregates. This process is used throughout the world for surfacing both medium and light traffic roads, and also as a maintenance treatment for roads of all kinds. The aggregates are applied in a single thickness over the emulsion layer and are then rolled in order to “seat” the aggregate particles in the residual bitumen. Surface Dressing is applied to an existing road surface as an economical maintenance treatment. This is used on roads that are in good structural conditions but are at a stage in their life cycle, where stresses are developing. Surface Dressing will seal the underlying layer from water intrusion, correct the surface cracking, raveling, surface hardening, and would be able to improve the skid resistance.

 

Nominal Application Rates for Binder and Chipping

 

Nominal Chipping  Size (mm)

Emulsion (Residual Binder) (Kg/m2)

Chips (cum/m2)

19 

1.2 

0.015

13 

1.0 

0.010

10 

0.9 

0.008

0.75 

0.004

 

Open Graded Premix Carpeting (OGPC) & Seal Coat

BitChem Coldmix® OGPC technology is a highly engineered but simple & effective solution for paving rural roads, farm link roads, and low volume roads. Roads which require a durable all-weather surface measuring 2cm in thickness over the WBM or old bituminous surface with open-graded premix carpeting. This surface is an outcome of Bitchem Coldmix® binders containing certain performance additives pre-mixed with graded aggregates (13.2mm & 11.2mm nominal size) without pre-wetting either at concrete mixer or through modified HMP (Hot mix plant). It provides higher volume of construction and speedy completion of road by enhancing the quality of the surface to meet the specification of IRC: SP: 100-2014. To provide better performance of the surface, BitChem provides the binder available for finally sealing the surface with a premix seal coat of aggregates and achieving maximum sealing of the open pores as per IRC:SP:100-2014.

 

  Recommended Rate of Application

Type of Application

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

Cold Mix (OGPC & Seal Coat)

25-30

 

Mix Seal Surfacing (MSS)

Cold Mixed Mix Seal Surfacing (MSS), which is a continuous graded mixture, may be used as renewal coat on low trafficked roads. The base over which cold mixed MSS is to be laid shall be completely free from dust and mud. Where the existing base is having potholes or rutting, defects shall be rectified before laying MSS. It is employed ideally on 20mm thickness.

 

Gradation of Aggregates for Cold Mixed Mix Seal Surfacing

 

Sieve Size

% Passing by weight

 

 

Type A

Type B

13.2 mm

-

100

11.2 mm

100

88-100

5.6 mm

52-88

31-52

2.8 mm

14-38

5-25

0.090 mm

0-5

0-5

 

Recommended Rate of Application

 

Type of Application

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

MSS – For Type A Aggregates

25-30

MSS – For Type B Aggregates

30-33

 

Bituminous Macadam (BM)

Bituminous Macadam (BM) is a pavement constructed by spreading two or more layers of crushed stone on a suitable base and pouring a bituminous binder on each. BitChem Coldmix® BM is a highly engineered but simple & effective solution for roads. Roads that require a durable all-weather surface measuring 50-100 mm in thickness over the WBM surface with open graded aggregates as a strengthening layer to the wearing course. This surface is an outcome of BitChem Coldmix® binders containing certain performance additives pre-mixed with graded aggregates through modified HMP (Hot Mix Plant). It provides a higher volume of construction and speedy completion of roads by a mechanized process which enhances the quality of the surface to meet the specification of IRC:SP:100-2014.

 

Recommended Rate of Application:

 

Nominal Chipping  Size (mm)

Emulsion (Residual Binder) (Kg/m2)

Chips (cum/m2)

19 

1.2 

0.015

13 

1.0 

0.010

10 

0.9 

0.008

0.75 

0.004

 

Semi-dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC)

BitChem Coldmix® SDBC is a highly engineered but simple & effective solution for paving roads. Roads that require a durable all-weather surface measuring 25-40 mm in thickness over previously prepared BitChem Cold BM structure, with closed graded aggregates. This surface is an outcome of Bitchem Coldmix® binders containing certain performance additives pre-mixed with graded aggregates through modified HMP (Hot Mix Plant). It provides a higher volume of construction and speedy completion of roads by mechanized process enhancing the quality of the surface to meet the specification of IRC:SP:100-2014.

 

Recommended Rate of Application:

 

Type of Application

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

Cold mix SDBC

6.5-7.5 % by wt of aggregates

 

Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM)

Dense Bituminous Macadam is a binder course used for road construction with more number of heavy commercial vehicle and a close graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 percent. DBM mixes are designed in the laboratory to strictly fulfil the specific properties and requirements that control the stability and durability under expected traffic, climatic and environmental condition.

DBM layers to be laid in single or multiple layers each of thickness 50 to 100 mm.

 

Microsurfacing

Microsurfacing consists of mixture of modified (Polymer or Rubber Latex) bitumen emulsion, well graded mineral aggregate, water, filler and additive (if needed) proportioned, mixed and uniformly spread over a properly prepared surface. It is applied on an existing pavement surface which is structurally sound but is showing the signs of functional distress such as loss riding quality, cracking and polishing. Generally, microsurfacing is laid in single layer, but when the existing surface is highly polished or cracked, it is advisable to apply it in two or more layers. Microsurfacing can be used for surface treatment on roads, taxi ways and runways. 


BitChem Microsurfacing is a quick setting system which is able to receive traffic after a short period of time preferably within about one to two hours of its laying depending upon weather conditions.

 

Requirement of Microsurfacing mix for different types

 

Items 

Type II (4-6mm) 

Type III (6-8mm)

Application 

For roads in urban and rural  areas, residential streets, as  preventive and renewal  treatment (< 1500 CVPD)

For primary and inter-state routes, highways and runways to give maximum skid resistance, preventive and renewal treatment (> 1500 CVPD)

Quantity of Microsurfacing mix  (Kg/m2) 

8.4-10.8 

11.1-16.3

Residual binder (% by weight of dry  aggregate) 

6.5-10.5 

5.5-10.5

 

BitChem Microsurfacing road executed at Jorabat, Shillong Road, Meghalaya in 2018


RAP for Cold Recycling

The term ‘RAP’ is given to bituminous material that is recovered from an old existing pavement. There are two ways that RAP material can be used in road construction:

  1. In-situ Treatment : The existing bituminous mix can be reclaimed and simultaneously treated using ‘cold in-place recycling’ technology (also referred to as CIR or partial depth recycling). This process uses a large truck-mounted recycler to recover the upper portion of bituminous layer of the existing pavement (normally between 100mm to 150mm depth) and simultaneously RAP in mixed with additives.
  2. In Plant Treatment : The milled bituminous mixture is stockpiled locally and treated in a suitable mixing plant. The treated RAP material is then returned to site and paved back in the areas that were milled. The ‘cold in plant recycling’ technology introduces flexibility into the recycling process by separating the recovery and reuse operations. In addition, where required, this process provides the opportunity to crush and/or screen RAP material as well as blend it with fresh aggregate. (eg. Graded crushed stone), if required, before it is recycled
 

Recommended Rate of Application

 

Type of Application

Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area

Cold Mix RAP Application

As per specification

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