Prime Coat
Prime coat is an application of a low viscosity bitumen emulsion on a compacted granular base course which penetrate into the base (>8mm). A prime coat performs several important functions as given below:
- Coats and bonds loose mineral particles on the surface of the granular base
- Hardens or toughens the surface of the base
- Waterproof the surface of the base by plugging capillary or interconnected voids
- Provides adhesion or bond between the base and the bituminous mixture
Primer shall not be applied during a dust storm or when the weather is foggy, rainy or windy or when the temperature in the shade is less than 100C. BitChem deals in CSS1 which is manufactured strictly as per ASTM D-2397-20 for Prime Coat Applications.
Recommended Rate of Application for Prime Coat & Fog Seal (SS1-ASTM)
Application |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
|
6 – 9 |
Prime Coat Application
Prime Coat Application
Tack Coat
Tack Coat is a light application of low viscosity liquid bituminous material like emulsion to an existing surface (bituminous/ cement concrete/ primed granular surface) to facilitate a bond between the surface being paved and the overlaying course. The tack coat is recommended for all types of overlays.
BitChem deals in RS1, RS1, SS1, SS2, MS Grade, MS-High which is ideal for Tack Coat Applications manufactured strictly as per IS 8887:2018.
Recommended Rate of Application for Tack Coating
Grade |
RS1/ RS2 |
MS Grade |
MS High |
Type of Surface |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
Bitumen Surface |
2 – 2.5 |
2 – 2.5 |
2 – 2.5 |
Aged Bitumen Surface |
2.5 – 3 |
2.5 – 3 |
2.5 – 3 |
Primed Surface |
2.5 – 3 |
2.5 – 3.0 |
1.5 – 3.0 |
Non-Bitumen Surface |
|
|
|
Granular Base (Not Primed) |
3.5 – 4.0 |
3.5 – 4.0 |
3.5 – 4.0 |
Cement Concrete Pavement |
3.0 – 3.5 |
3.0 – 3.5 |
3.0 – 3.5 |
Fog Seal
Fog Seal is defined as “a light application of diluted (SS-2 or tailor made) bitumen emulsion used primarily to seal an existing bitumen surface to reduce raveling and enrich dry and weathered surfaces. Fog Seal is a method of incorporation of bituminous binder to an existing pavement to improve its waterproofing characteristics, preventing further stone loss by holding aggregate in place, rejuvenating surface and improving the surface appearance.
Recommended Rate of Application for Fog Seal (SS1-ASTM)
Application |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
|
5 – 10 |
Sand Seal
Sand Seal is a spray application of bitumen emulsion followed by light cover of fine aggregates, such as clean sand or screenings. Cold Mixed sand seal can be useful in correcting a number of surface defects like loss of material from old surface due to abrasion, prevent the intrusion of moisture due to cracks, develop a skid-resistant surface texture. Usually emulsions are applied at a rate of about 0.70 to 1.25 litre/m2. This is followed by application of about 5.5 to 12 kg/m2 of sand or screenings cover.


Sand Seal Coat Application with BitChem Cold Mix in NER with successful site execution in Lower Syari, Pakyong, East Sikkim
Recommended Rate of Application
Application |
Quantity in litre/ m² Area |
|
0.70 – 1.25 |
Application |
Quantity in kg/ m² Area |
(Sand or Screenings Cover) |
5.5 – 12 |
Mechanized Surface Dressing
Surface Dressing consists of application of bitumen emulsion onto an existing road surface, followed by the application of a single-sized cover aggregates. This process is used throughout the world for surfacing both medium and light traffic roads, and also as a maintenance treatment for roads of all kinds. The aggregates are applied in a single thickness over the emulsion layer and are then rolled in order to “seat” the aggregate particles in the residual bitumen. Surface Dressing is applied to an existing road surface as an economical maintenance treatment. This is used on roads that are in good structural conditions but are at a stage in their life cycle, where stresses are developing. Surface Dressing will seal the underlying layer from water intrusion, correct the surface cracking, raveling, surface hardening, and would be able to improve the skid resistance.

Nominal Application Rates for Binder and Chipping
Nominal Chipping Size (mm) |
Emulsion (Residual Binder) (Kg/m2) |
Chips (cum/m2) |
19 |
1.2 |
0.015 |
13 |
1.0 |
0.010 |
10 |
0.9 |
0.008 |
6 |
0.75 |
0.004 |
Open Graded Premix Carpeting (OGPC) & Seal Coat
BitChem Coldmix® OGPC technology is a highly engineered but simple & effective solution for paving rural roads, farm link roads, and low volume roads. Roads which require a durable all-weather surface measuring 2cm in thickness over the WBM or old bituminous surface with open-graded premix carpeting. This surface is an outcome of Bitchem Coldmix® binders containing certain performance additives pre-mixed with graded aggregates (13.2mm & 11.2mm nominal size) without pre-wetting either at concrete mixer or through modified HMP (Hot mix plant). It provides higher volume of construction and speedy completion of road by enhancing the quality of the surface to meet the specification of IRC: SP: 100-2014. To provide better performance of the surface, BitChem provides the binder available for finally sealing the surface with a premix seal coat of aggregates and achieving maximum sealing of the open pores as per IRC:SP:100-2014.

Recommended Rate of Application
Type of Application |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
Cold Mix (OGPC & Seal Coat) |
25-30 |
Mix Seal Surfacing (MSS)
Cold Mixed Mix Seal Surfacing (MSS), which is a continuous graded mixture, may be used as renewal coat on low trafficked roads. The base over which cold mixed MSS is to be laid shall be completely free from dust and mud. Where the existing base is having potholes or rutting, defects shall be rectified before laying MSS. It is employed ideally on 20mm thickness.

Gradation of Aggregates for Cold Mixed Mix Seal Surfacing
Sieve Size |
% Passing by weight |
|
|
Type A |
Type B |
13.2 mm |
- |
100 |
11.2 mm |
100 |
88-100 |
5.6 mm |
52-88 |
31-52 |
2.8 mm |
14-38 |
5-25 |
0.090 mm |
0-5 |
0-5 |
Recommended Rate of Application
Type of Application |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
MSS – For Type A Aggregates |
25-30 |
MSS – For Type B Aggregates |
30-33 |
Bituminous Macadam (BM)
Bituminous Macadam (BM) is a pavement constructed by spreading two or more layers of crushed stone on a suitable base and pouring a bituminous binder on each. BitChem Coldmix® BM is a highly engineered but simple & effective solution for roads. Roads that require a durable all-weather surface measuring 50-100 mm in thickness over the WBM surface with open graded aggregates as a strengthening layer to the wearing course. This surface is an outcome of BitChem Coldmix® binders containing certain performance additives pre-mixed with graded aggregates through modified HMP (Hot Mix Plant). It provides a higher volume of construction and speedy completion of roads by a mechanized process which enhances the quality of the surface to meet the specification of IRC:SP:100-2014.

Recommended Rate of Application:
Nominal Chipping Size (mm) |
Emulsion (Residual Binder) (Kg/m2) |
Chips (cum/m2) |
19 |
1.2 |
0.015 |
13 |
1.0 |
0.010 |
10 |
0.9 |
0.008 |
6 |
0.75 |
0.004 |
Semi-dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC)
BitChem Coldmix® SDBC is a highly engineered but simple & effective solution for paving roads. Roads that require a durable all-weather surface measuring 25-40 mm in thickness over previously prepared BitChem Cold BM structure, with closed graded aggregates. This surface is an outcome of Bitchem Coldmix® binders containing certain performance additives pre-mixed with graded aggregates through modified HMP (Hot Mix Plant). It provides a higher volume of construction and speedy completion of roads by mechanized process enhancing the quality of the surface to meet the specification of IRC:SP:100-2014.

Recommended Rate of Application:
Type of Application |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
Cold mix SDBC |
6.5-7.5 % by wt of aggregates |
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM)
Dense Bituminous Macadam is a binder course used for road construction with more number of heavy commercial vehicle and a close graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 percent. DBM mixes are designed in the laboratory to strictly fulfil the specific properties and requirements that control the stability and durability under expected traffic, climatic and environmental condition.
DBM layers to be laid in single or multiple layers each of thickness 50 to 100 mm.

Microsurfacing
Microsurfacing consists of mixture of modified (Polymer or Rubber Latex) bitumen emulsion, well graded mineral aggregate, water, filler and additive (if needed) proportioned, mixed and uniformly spread over a properly prepared surface. It is applied on an existing pavement surface which is structurally sound but is showing the signs of functional distress such as loss riding quality, cracking and polishing. Generally, microsurfacing is laid in single layer, but when the existing surface is highly polished or cracked, it is advisable to apply it in two or more layers. Microsurfacing can be used for surface treatment on roads, taxi ways and runways.
BitChem Microsurfacing is a quick setting system which is able to receive traffic after a short period of time preferably within about one to two hours of its laying depending upon weather conditions.

Requirement of Microsurfacing mix for different types
Items |
Type II (4-6mm) |
Type III (6-8mm) |
Application |
For roads in urban and rural areas, residential streets, as preventive and renewal treatment (< 1500 CVPD) |
For primary and inter-state routes, highways and runways to give maximum skid resistance, preventive and renewal treatment (> 1500 CVPD) |
Quantity of Microsurfacing mix (Kg/m2) |
8.4-10.8 |
11.1-16.3 |
Residual binder (% by weight of dry aggregate) |
6.5-10.5 |
5.5-10.5 |
BitChem Microsurfacing road executed at Jorabat, Shillong Road, Meghalaya in 2018
RAP for Cold Recycling
The term ‘RAP’ is given to bituminous material that is recovered from an old existing pavement. There are two ways that RAP material can be used in road construction:
- In-situ Treatment : The existing bituminous mix can be reclaimed and simultaneously treated using ‘cold in-place recycling’ technology (also referred to as CIR or partial depth recycling). This process uses a large truck-mounted recycler to recover the upper portion of bituminous layer of the existing pavement (normally between 100mm to 150mm depth) and simultaneously RAP in mixed with additives.
- In Plant Treatment : The milled bituminous mixture is stockpiled locally and treated in a suitable mixing plant. The treated RAP material is then returned to site and paved back in the areas that were milled. The ‘cold in plant recycling’ technology introduces flexibility into the recycling process by separating the recovery and reuse operations. In addition, where required, this process provides the opportunity to crush and/or screen RAP material as well as blend it with fresh aggregate. (eg. Graded crushed stone), if required, before it is recycled

Recommended Rate of Application
Type of Application |
Quantity in Kg/10 m² Area |
Cold Mix RAP Application |
As per specification |
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